Dr. Robert Califf is an Adjunct Professor of Medicine at Duke University and a practicing cardiologist. He served as FDA Commissioner (2016–2017) and Deputy Commissioner for Medical Products and Tobacco. At Duke, he was Vice Chancellor for Clinical and Translational Research and founding director of the Duke Clinical Research Institute. A globally recognized expert in cardiovascular medicine and clinical research, he has over 1,200 peer-reviewed publications. Dr. Califf is a member of the National Academy of Medicine and has served on numerous FDA and NIH advisory boards. He co-founded the Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative and led several national research infrastructure programs.